4.2 Time dilation

4.2.1 Identification

When a falling object observes objects outside of a gravitational field, they will seem to move away, but none of these objects is undergoing any proper acceleration. Thus, there is no object to hold accountable for any asymmetrical change in velocity, and consequently, they cannot be time dilated with respect to each other; the two objects simply become mutually and increasingly redshifted. What could appear to be a relative acceleration is better described as a synchronized expansion of space in the direction toward the cavity.

When we see falling raindrops, we may have the impression that they begin accelerating upon departure from the clouds and increase in speed until they finally hit the ground. A better view of gravitation is to imagine the ground being pushed down by a constantly increasing expansion of the space above. It is the ground, and everything resting upon it, that must constantly speed up to retain its position in this increasingly expanding space.

If the falling frame of reference can be regarded as a non-accelerating frame of reference, it cannot be time dilated. Consequently, objects that withstand this expansion through an asymmetric change in velocity must be time dilated. The reason for time dilation in a gravitational system is thus the same as that described in section 3. Movement.

Gravitation affects velocity by changing the angular distribution of energy in accordance with the EGS transformation. Objects can withstand such changes through an equal internal change in geometry, IGS. This internal change can be achieved by means of a natural or an artificial propelling force or by simply resting on the matter forming the cavity (resting on the surface of a planet). An asymmetric change in velocity means changing synchronized frames of reference, and hence, these objects are subject to time dilation.

To express this explanation in traditional space-time terms, we can say that the falling frame of reference retains the time and the withstanding frame of reference retains the space. An object cannot retain both its position and its synchronization with respect to objects outside of the gravitational field.